Transition will be slow and painful. How long it takes for products come to market will dictate the transition time.

The key markets will be;

Efficiency

Portability

Flexibility

The primary needs of people are  food, water, energy.

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Energy storage is the key to efficient power usage.

Provides flexibility allowing the use of multiple distributed energy resources, but does sometimes require proper synchronization with the grid. Can provide smooth delivery of different power resources to consumer.

The ultimate intent is to reduce home energy use as cost-effectively as possible. The primary energy usage in a home typically the HVAC system.

No matter what, energy efficiency is critical to the overall effectiveness in energy usage.

In an existing house, find out how much energy it uses and where it is going.

If possible, obtain a Home Energy Score.  The score is a national rating system, developed by the U.S. Department of Energy, which provides a rating of your home's current efficiency, as well as a list of improvements and potential savings.  The Score reflects the energy efficiency of a home based on the home's structure and heating, cooling, and hot water systems. 

Incorporation of energy-efficient construction of Earth sheltered homes and landscaping strategies will be discussed.

Increase if usage of renewable energy resources, portable energy systems, off and on grid requirements. Many products are now available along with some tax credits. 

The funding will be difficult because many of these investments don’t pay off right away.

In the past 5 years the demand for portable energy usage has increased dramatically. 

Battery energy storage demand has increased demand especially in Europe and India.

Battery Density performance is the basis by which all products are derived from. 

Synchronization design of  grid-tied PV systems

In grid-tied inverters, frequency, phase, and amplitude of voltage are parameters that need to be measured and controlled. 

The most popular inverter type is the phase-locked loop (PLL) which continually measures the frequency and phase through a loop-filter resulting in smooth operation during adverse grid conditions. Used for both single and three phase. Reduces harmonic distortion.  Very accurate 

Speculation -

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The world will rely on fossil fuels to some extent easily for the next 100 years.  

Usage will slowly come down over the next several decades as more alternatives come  to market.

We will have not completely converted to a carbon neutral economy within the next 100 years 

SPACE EXPLORATION

Exploration outside the solar System will be robotic for the foreseeable future. 

Humans will return to the moon this decade, but potential gaps in funding could delay effort. The development of a lunar outpost drags on. Lunar resource extraction will be slow and problematic.

Nuclear electric space propulsion will see increased usage around the 2032

Robotic missions to the Outer planets will follow a few years later.

Humans will visit Mars around 2037-2040. Assumes sufficient resources have been extracted on Mars prior to mission for this to happen. If successful, the progression of outpost developments on Mars will occur indefinably, albeit slowly.

The second half of the century will bring in AI Robotics used for resource extraction on Mars, the Moon, and large Asteroids.

By the end of the 21st century we should have multiple operational Martian outposts. We will have explored to moons of outer planets, and will be actively mining asteroids